Golf Injuries and Conditions

Common golf injuries

The most common complaint across skill levels is back pain, driven by the asymmetrical, high force nature of the swing and inconsistent mechanics. The golf swing is a complex rotational movement involving the kinetic chain; poor mechanics, overuse, and sudden changes in play volume are major contributors to injury. Other frequent issues include golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis) and problems involving the neck, shoulder, wrist, hips, knees, and foot/ankle.

Lower back pain

A powerful swing can transmit forces up to eight times body weight through the spine, especially with poor kinetic sequencing (using the hips and thoracic spine less and the lumbar spine more). Targeted warm ups and strength programs that emphasize core stability and hip/thoracic mobility reduce strain. If lower back pain lasts beyond a few days, seek evaluation.

Golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis)

Golfer's elbow is an overuse injury that affects the tendons on the inside of the elbow. It is especially common in beginners who grip tightly, “hit from the top,” or ramp up play too quickly. Prevention centers on progressive loading, technique adjustments and forearm/wrist conditioning; treatments range from activity modification and physical therapy to injections when needed.

Shoulder and wrist problems

Rotator cuff pain and tendinopathy, acromioclavicular (AC) joint pain, and ulnar-side wrist conditions occur with high volumes of practice, excessive backswing or follow through, or by hitting the ground or rough with a club during a swing.

Playing golf as you age

Golf particularly suits older adults because it can be scaled and walked for moderate intensity exercise. Aging is associated with declines in strength, endurance and – most of all – flexibility, so maintaining motion and strengthening around arthritic joints are key. Many seniors successfully continue to play with individualized conditioning and, if needed, joint replacement surgery to restore pain free function.

Returning to golf after joint replacement surgery

The good news for golfers is that most players can resume play after hip, knee, or shoulder surgery, often within 3 to 6 months, although timelines vary by procedure. Satisfaction is generally high, with some players reporting modest changes in handicap or driving distance. Always confirm timing and progression with your surgeon and physical therapist.^2,3

Average return-to-play rates and timelines by surgery

• 90% after hip replacement (typically at about four-and-a-half months)
• 70% after knee replacement (typically at about four months)
• 80% after shoulder replacement surgery (typically at about six months)^2,3

Practical guidance for resuming play after hip or knee surgery

After knee or hip replacement, collaborate with your care team to restore range of motion, strength, and stability before you swing. Early goals include teeing the ball, fixing ball marks, and setting up putts without discomfort. Then, gradually assess and adapt your swing. For example, emphasize hip and spine rotation while maintaining knee stability. Clearance from your surgeon is essential, and a stepwise return (starting with putting and progressing to chipping, irons, woods and doing nine holes before resuming 18, etc.) will help manage load and reduce the risk of injury.

Learn more in the articles below.